Which country has the most people?

India became the world most populous country in 2023, surpassing China, with a population of more than 1.4 billion people. Together, India and China are each home to well over a billion people, accounting for roughly a third of all humanity between them. India population is also relatively young and still growing, while China has begun to decline due to decades of low birth rates. These two nations demographics shape much of the global picture.