Whose symphony opens with the famous da-da-da-dum?

Beethoven worked on his Fifth Symphony from about 1804 to 1808, as his hearing was steadily getting worse. Its opening motif of three short notes and one long note is probably the most famous four notes in classical music. The symphony premiered at a marathon four-hour concert in a freezing Vienna theatre, and it received little attention at first. Within a few years, critics praised it as a masterpiece, and it became one of the most performed symphonies ever. During World War II, the Allies used the rhythm because it matched the Morse code for V, standing for victory.