Whose novel is 1984?

George Orwell, the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four largely on the remote Scottish island of Jura while seriously ill with tuberculosis. Published on 8 June 1949, the novel imagines a totalitarian state where the Party, led by the figure of Big Brother, watches citizens constantly and rewrites history. It introduced lasting ideas and words such as doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak and Room 101. Orwell died on 21 January 1950, aged 46, just months after publication. He had already written Animal Farm in 1945, and the adjective Orwellian is now used worldwide.