Why does tetanus cause muscle spasms instead of a typical wound infection?
Quick Answer
Tetanus is caused by a toxin made by Clostridium tetani, not by the wound itself spreading locally. The toxin blocks nerve signals that normally relax muscles, leading to painful spasms.
The Full Story
Clostridium tetani spores can enter a wound and grow in low-oxygen conditions, such as deep puncture injuries. The bacterium releases tetanospasmin, a powerful neurotoxin that interferes with inhibitory nerve signals, especially those using GABA and glycine. Without those braking signals, muscles can contract uncontrollably, causing stiffness and spasms. Tetanus is not spread from person to person, which is why vaccination is so important. Routine tetanus vaccination and boosters are the main protection against this disease.
Key Facts
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"Why does tetanus lock muscles up? A toxin is hijacking the nervous system."
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