Why do transition metals often form colored compounds?
Quick Answer
Transition metals often make colored compounds because their partially filled d orbitals absorb specific wavelengths of visible light. The remaining light we see gives the compound its color.
The Full Story
Many transition metals, such as copper, chromium, manganese and nickel, form colored compounds because their electrons can move between closely spaced energy levels in the d orbitals. When visible light is absorbed to promote these electrons, the reflected or transmitted light has a different color. This is why copper compounds can appear blue-green and potassium permanganate is deep purple. Chemists have used these colors for pigments, dyes and analytical tests for centuries.
Key Facts
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