Why are diamond and graphite both made of carbon but look so different?
Quick Answer
They are different because carbon atoms bond in different patterns. Diamond forms a 3D lattice of strong bonds, while graphite makes flat layers that slide easily.
The Full Story
Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon, but their atoms are arranged differently, which gives them very different properties. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to four others in a rigid three-dimensional network, making it extremely hard and transparent. In graphite, each atom bonds to three others in flat sheets, and the layers are weakly held together, so they slide and leave marks on paper. This is why one is a gemstone and the other is used in pencils and lubricants.
Key Facts
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"Same element, opposite extremes: diamond vs graphite"
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