Whose work first explained the Köppen climate classification?

German-Russian scientist Wladimir Köppen introduced a climate classification system based on temperature and precipitation patterns. First developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it grouped climates into categories such as tropical, arid, temperate, continental, and polar. Köppen’s system became a standard tool for studying vegetation, agriculture, and climate change. Rudolf Geiger later helped refine the classification, giving the system its familiar Köppen-Geiger form.