Whose Research Created the First "Test-Tube Baby"?

British physiologist Robert Edwards and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe developed in vitro fertilisation (IVF), resulting in the birth of Louise Brown on 25 July 1978 at Oldham General Hospital in England — the world's first baby conceived outside the human body. Edwards had spent over two decades researching human fertilisation, while Steptoe perfected the laparoscopic technique for retrieving eggs. Edwards received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Steptoe had died in 1988). Over 12 million babies have since been born through IVF worldwide.