Whose Art Defined the Pop Art Movement?

Pop Art emerged in the 1950s-60s as a reaction against Abstract Expressionism, drawing imagery from mass culture — advertising, comic books, consumer products, and celebrity. Richard Hamilton 1956 collage "Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?" is often cited as the first Pop Art work. In America, Andy Warhol (1928-1987) became the movement icon by treating commercial subjects with fine-art techniques: his Campbell Soup Cans, Brillo Boxes, and Marilyn Monroe silkscreens blurred the line between art and commerce. Roy Lichtenstein appropriated comic-book imagery with Ben-Day dots; Claes Oldenburg created oversized sculptures of everyday objects; and Jasper Johns painted American flags and targets. Warhol "Factory" studio became a cultural hub. Pop Art influenced graphic design, fashion, advertising, and contemporary art; Warhol "Shot Sage Blue Marilyn" sold for $195 million in 2022, the most expensive American artwork at auction.