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Which planet was discovered by mathematical prediction before it was observed?

SpaceHistory

Quick Answer

Neptune was predicted mathematically before it was seen through a telescope. In 1846, astronomers found it close to the position calculated from Uranus's orbital disturbances.

The Full Story

Neptune is the most famous example of a planet discovered by calculation rather than chance observation. Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams independently worked out that unexplained changes in Uranus's orbit could be caused by another planet. Their predictions led Johann Galle to observe Neptune on 23 September 1846. It was a landmark success for mathematical astronomy.

Key Facts

1.Observed on 23 September 1846
2.Predicted by Le Verrier and Adams
3.Found near the predicted location

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"This planet was found on paper before anyone saw it in the sky."