When was the Kyoto Protocol signed?

The Kyoto Protocol was the first international treaty with legally binding targets for industrialised countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Under its first commitment period, from 2008 to 2012, developed nations agreed to reduce emissions by an average of about 5 percent below 1990 levels. It could only take effect once enough countries representing enough emissions ratified it, which happened after Russia joined in 2004. The United States signed but never ratified the treaty, and Canada withdrew in 2011. It was succeeded by the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015.