What does net zero mean?

Reaching net zero means the amount of greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere equals the amount taken out, so there is no net increase. Most emissions must be cut, by switching to clean power, electric transport and efficient buildings, while remaining emissions are offset by removals such as forests or carbon capture technology. The IPCC says limiting warming to 1.5°C requires global carbon dioxide emissions to reach net zero around 2050. Many countries and companies have set net zero targets, often for 2050, though critics warn that relying too heavily on offsets can delay real cuts.