How do tidal forces from the Moon and Sun make Earth’s ocean tides rise and fall?

Tides are caused by gravity acting differently on the near and far sides of Earth. The Moon is the main driver because it is close enough for its pull to create strong tidal bulges in the oceans; the Sun also contributes. As Earth rotates, most coastlines pass through regions of higher and lower water, producing the familiar cycle of high and low tides. The exact pattern depends on coastline shape, seafloor depth, and the alignment of the Sun and Moon.