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How do scientists know that Venus rotates backward so slowly?

Solar SystemVenus

Quick Answer

They track cloud patterns with radar and spacecraft observations. Venus takes about 243 Earth days to rotate once, and it rotates in the opposite direction to most planets.

The Full Story

Venus is hidden by thick clouds, so visible-light observations do not reveal the surface well. Astronomers use radar from Earth and data from orbiters to measure the motion of surface features and cloud layers. These measurements show that Venus has a retrograde rotation, meaning it spins clockwise as seen from above its north pole. One Venus day is about 243 Earth days long, while its year lasts about 225 Earth days.

Key Facts

1.Venus rotates once in about 243 Earth days
2.Its rotation is retrograde, or backward
3.A Venus year is about 225 Earth days

YouTube Angle

Suggested video title for this topic:

"How we measured a planet we can barely see through its clouds"