Why does chlorine disinfect water so well?
Quick Answer
Chlorine kills many microbes because it forms reactive compounds in water that damage cells and proteins. Small amounts are enough to make water much safer to drink.
The Full Story
Chlorine has been used in drinking-water treatment since the early 20th century because it is effective at killing bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. When chlorine is added to water, it forms hypochlorous acid and related compounds that oxidize cell membranes and essential enzymes. This greatly reduces the spread of waterborne diseases. Modern water systems carefully control chlorine levels so disinfection remains effective without making the water unsafe or unpleasant.
Key Facts
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"The chemistry that changed public health forever."
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