Why do some people have freckles while others do not?
Quick Answer
Freckles are caused by inherited differences in pigment production and are strongly influenced by sun exposure. People with lighter skin and certain MC1R variants are more likely to develop them.
The Full Story
Freckles are small spots where pigment cells produce extra melanin in response to ultraviolet light. Genetics play a major role, especially variants in or near MC1R, which is also tied to red hair and fair skin. Freckles often become more visible in childhood and can darken in summer, then fade with less sun exposure. They are not harmful by themselves, but they can indicate a skin type that is more sensitive to UV radiation.
Key Facts
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"Why freckles show up on some faces and not others"
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