Why do some caves contain stalactites and stalagmites?
Quick Answer
They form when mineral-rich water drips through a cave and leaves behind calcite. Over thousands of years, drip by drip, the deposits grow into cave formations.
The Full Story
Stalactites and stalagmites are made mostly of calcite, a form of calcium carbonate. Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide in soil, becomes slightly acidic, and dissolves limestone as it passes through the ground. When the water enters a cave and drips from the ceiling, carbon dioxide escapes and calcite is deposited. Ceiling deposits grow downward as stalactites, while floor deposits grow upward as stalagmites. With enough time, they can meet and form a column.
Key Facts
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