Why are the polar ice caps on Mars made of both water and carbon dioxide ice?
Quick Answer
Mars is cold enough for both water ice and dry ice to exist at the poles. Seasonal carbon dioxide frost grows and shrinks each Martian year.
The Full Story
Mars has a thin atmosphere and a cold climate, especially near its poles, so water can freeze and remain there for long periods. In winter, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere condenses directly into dry ice on top of the polar regions. When spring returns, much of that dry ice sublimates back into gas. The permanent part of the caps contains water ice, while the seasonal layer is mostly carbon dioxide ice. This changing mix has been observed by orbiters and helps scientists study Martian climate cycles.
Key Facts
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"Mars has ice caps that breathe with the seasons!"
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