Whose work created the modern concept of oxidation states?

The concept of oxidation state was built gradually rather than by one single person, so chemistry history here is collective. Early ideas came from oxidation and reduction studies in the 18th and 19th centuries, while Alfred Werner’s coordination chemistry in the late 1800s helped clarify how atoms bond in complexes. Later textbook conventions standardized oxidation numbers as a bookkeeping tool for electron transfer. In a general-knowledge setting, it is best understood as a shared development rather than a single inventor’s discovery.