Whose spacecraft first landed on Mars?

On 2 December 1971 the Soviet Union Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to make a soft landing on Mars, but it stopped transmitting after only about 20 seconds. The first fully successful landing came on 20 July 1976, when NASA Viking 1 touched down and began sending back photographs and data. Viking 1 kept working for more than six years, until November 1982. NASA landed the first rover, Sojourner, in 1997. In 2021 the Perseverance rover arrived with the Ingenuity helicopter, which made the first powered flight on another planet, and China landed its Zhurong rover.