Whose experiments first showed that mountains can rise during earthquakes?

Earthquakes can change the height of the land, causing some areas to rise and others to sink. Early geologists documented these effects, but the mechanism became clear with plate tectonics and fault studies in the 20th century. Measurements after major quakes, such as in coastal Japan and Alaska, showed that crustal blocks can shift vertically by metres in moments. This helps explain the formation of scarps, uplifted shorelines, and changed coastlines. The connection between earthquakes and topography is now a key part of geoscience.