Whose expedition first mapped the route through the Khyber Pass in modern terms?

Alexander Burnes, a Scottish explorer and diplomat, traveled through Central and South Asia in the 1830s and described routes that became important to British geographic knowledge. His reports helped improve European understanding of the Khyber Pass, a strategic mountain corridor linking Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent. The pass has been used for trade, migration, and military movement for centuries. Burnes’s accounts were influential because they connected local geography with imperial-era mapping and politics.