Which ocean trench is the deepest known on Earth?

The Mariana Trench is the deepest known ocean trench on Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean east of the Mariana Islands. Its deepest part is the Challenger Deep, where the seafloor lies roughly 10.9 to 11 kilometers below sea level. The trench formed at a subduction zone, where the Pacific Plate sinks beneath smaller plates. Conditions there include extreme pressure, total darkness, and very low temperatures. Despite the harshness, life has been found in hadal trench environments, including specialized microorganisms and small animals.