Which Mineral Is the Most Common on Earth?

If we consider the entire Earth (not just the surface), bridgmanite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3 with a perovskite crystal structure] is overwhelmingly the most abundant mineral, comprising roughly 38% of Earth total volume. It forms under the immense pressures (24-127 GPa) and temperatures (1,700-2,700 K) of the lower mantle, between 660 km and 2,900 km depth. It was named in 2014 after physicist Percy Bridgman, who pioneered high-pressure physics, when a natural sample was found in the Tenham meteorite (an impact event briefly achieved mantle-like conditions). On Earth surface and crust, the most common mineral group is feldspar (making up about 60% of the crust by mass), with quartz (SiO2) being the second most common. In the ocean, aragonite and calcite (calcium carbonates) dominate the shells and skeletons of marine organisms. Different "most common" minerals apply at different scales — Earth is a geochemically layered planet.