Which fundamental force changes quarks from one type to another in beta decay?

Beta decay is one of the clearest examples of the weak nuclear force at work. In this process, a down quark in a neutron can transform into an up quark, turning the neutron into a proton and emitting a W boson that quickly produces an electron and an antineutrino. This is why many unstable nuclei become more stable over time. The weak interaction is unique because it can change particle types rather than just pull or push them. That makes it vital to nuclear stability and particle physics.