When was the Standard Model of particle physics first formulated?
Quick Answer
It took shape in the 1960s and early 1970s, with key work by Glashow, Weinberg, Salam, and others. The model brought together electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions.
The Full Story
The Standard Model developed over several years, but its modern form emerged in the 1960s and early 1970s. Electroweak unification by Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg, and Abdus Salam was a central step, and quantum chromodynamics later completed the theory of the strong interaction. The model describes the known fundamental particles and three of the four fundamental forces, leaving gravity outside its scope. It remains the best-tested framework in particle physics.
Key Facts
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