When was the first successful organ transplant performed?

The first successful human organ transplant is widely recognized as the kidney transplant performed on December 23, 1954, at Brigham Hospital in Boston. Surgeon Joseph E. Murray transplanted a kidney between identical twins, Richard Herrick and Ronald Herrick, which avoided immune rejection because the donors and recipients had the same genetic makeup. Murray later received the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. This operation became a turning point for modern transplant medicine and proved that organ replacement could be done successfully in humans.