When was the first expedition to scientifically map the sand seas of the Libyan Desert completed?

Detailed scientific mapping of the Libyan Desert developed during the late 1800s and early 1900s, when explorers and surveyors began documenting its sand seas, rock plateaus, and oasis chains. The Libyan Desert forms part of the larger Sahara and spans much of eastern Libya, western Egypt, and adjoining regions. It is known for some of the driest and most isolated terrain in North Africa. Expeditions there helped improve maps, routes, and knowledge of desert geology. These surveys were important for both science and trade-route history.