When was silicon dioxide recognized as the main component of sand and quartz?

The composition of silica, or silicon dioxide, was clarified through early 19th-century chemistry, building on the work of chemists such as Jöns Jacob Berzelius. Scientists showed that common minerals like quartz and sand were largely made of silicon and oxygen combined as SiO2. This understanding was important because it connected a familiar Earth material to the broader periodic system of elements. It also helped launch modern mineral chemistry and materials science.