When Did the Ottoman Empire Fall?

The Ottoman Empire, founded around 1299 by Osman I, lasted over 600 years and at its height under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Its decline was gradual: losing territory in the Balkans in the 19th century, losing North African provinces to European colonialism, and becoming known as the "Sick Man of Europe." The empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers in 1914. After the Ottoman defeat in 1918, the Treaty of Sevres (1920) proposed partitioning the empire. Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) led the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), defeating Allied-backed forces. The Grand National Assembly in Ankara abolished the sultanate on 1 November 1922. Sultan Mehmed VI fled on a British warship on 17 November 1922. The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed on 29 October 1923. The caliphate was abolished separately on 3 March 1924, ending the last vestige of the Ottoman state.