How does epigenetics change gene activity without changing DNA?
Quick Answer
Epigenetics controls whether genes are switched on or off without altering the DNA sequence itself. Chemical tags on DNA and proteins around DNA help regulate gene activity.
The Full Story
Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve changing the genetic code itself. Common mechanisms include DNA methylation and chemical modifications to histone proteins, which affect how tightly DNA is packaged. When DNA is tightly packed, genes are often harder to read; when it is more open, genes can be activated more easily. Epigenetic patterns can be influenced by development, age, diet, stress, and environmental exposures, and they help explain why cells with the same DNA can behave differently.
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