How do white blood cells find and attack germs?
Quick Answer
White blood cells detect chemical signals from infections, then move toward the threat and destroy microbes or infected cells. Different types do different jobs, from engulfing bacteria to making antibodies.
The Full Story
White blood cells protect the body by sensing injury or infection and moving toward it in a process called chemotaxis. Neutrophils and macrophages can engulf bacteria and other particles, while lymphocytes help coordinate longer-term immune responses. B cells make antibodies, and T cells can destroy infected cells or help activate other immune cells. The immune system is not one cell type but a network that responds differently depending on the threat. This is why inflammation, fever, and swelling can be part of a normal defense response.
Key Facts
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"Inside the body's microscopic security force"