How do vaccines against COVID-19 reduce severe disease?
Quick Answer
COVID-19 vaccines prepare the immune system to recognize SARS-CoV-2 quickly, so the body can fight the virus before it causes severe illness. They are especially good at preventing hospitalization and death.
The Full Story
COVID-19 vaccines teach the immune system to respond to SARS-CoV-2, most often by targeting the spike protein. Different platforms were used, including mRNA, viral vector, protein-based, and inactivated vaccines. While protection against infection can fade or be bypassed by new variants, vaccines have consistently reduced the risk of severe disease and death, especially after full vaccination and boosters. The first emergency authorizations came in late 2020, one of the fastest vaccine rollouts in history. Ongoing updates and booster campaigns help maintain protection as the virus evolves.
Key Facts
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"How COVID vaccines changed the immune system’s first response"
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