How do scientists launch a satellite into a specific orbit?

Putting a satellite into orbit is not just about going up; it is about reaching a carefully chosen speed and direction. Rockets typically climb first, then turn gradually in a maneuver called a gravity turn to build horizontal velocity while gaining altitude. Once in space, upper stages or onboard propulsion can circularize the orbit or move the satellite to a higher or lower one. Launch latitude matters because Earth’s rotation gives a speed boost near the equator, which is especially useful for some missions.