How do radioactive isotopes decay?
Quick Answer
Radioactive isotopes decay when unstable nuclei change into more stable ones by emitting particles or energy. Common modes include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma emission.
The Full Story
Radioactive decay is a natural process in which an unstable nucleus transforms into a more stable nucleus over time. In alpha decay, the nucleus emits a helium nucleus; in beta decay, a neutron can change into a proton or vice versa; gamma decay releases excess energy as electromagnetic radiation. The rate of decay is measured by half-life, which can range from fractions of a second to billions of years. Marie and Pierre Curie helped pioneer the study of radioactivity in the late 19th century. These processes are used in medicine, archaeology, and energy production.
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