How do mutations happen in human DNA?
Quick Answer
Mutations happen when DNA is copied incorrectly or damaged by radiation, chemicals, or natural cellular processes. Many are harmless, but some can affect health or inheritance.
The Full Story
DNA can change through replication errors, exposure to ultraviolet light, reactive oxygen species, or certain chemicals. Cells repair most damage, but some alterations remain as permanent mutations. If a mutation occurs in sperm or egg cells, it can be passed to offspring; if it occurs in body cells, it affects only that person and may contribute to cancer. Mutations are also a normal source of genetic diversity in populations.
Key Facts
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"Where DNA changes come from, and why most never matter"
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