How do hot springs become geysers?
Quick Answer
Superheated water trapped underground builds pressure until it is explosively released through a narrow opening. The cycle of filling, heating, and pressure release produces periodic eruptions.
The Full Story
Geysers need a rare combination of heat, water, and a plumbing system that can trap pressure. Groundwater percolates downward, gets heated by hot rock or magma, and may become hotter than the normal boiling point because of the high pressure underground. If a narrow conduit prevents the water from escaping steadily, steam bubbles can expand rapidly and force water upward. Once pressure drops, some of the remaining water flashes to steam and an eruption occurs. Yellowstone is the most famous geyser region on Earth, with hundreds of active geysers and hot springs.
Key Facts
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"Why does a hot spring suddenly explode like a clockwork fountain?"
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