How do giraffes get enough blood to their brains when they lower or raise their heads?

A giraffe’s neck can be more than 1.8 meters long, so blood pressure management is critical. Thick-walled arteries, tight skin, and valves in the veins help control blood flow as the animal moves its head. When a giraffe lowers its head, special pressure-regulating mechanisms prevent too much blood from rushing into the brain. When it raises its head, the system helps maintain adequate flow upward. These adaptations make the giraffe one of the clearest examples of how anatomy solves a circulation problem.