How do digital cameras turn light into photos?

When light enters a digital camera, it passes through the lens and reaches a sensor such as a CMOS or CCD chip. Each pixel measures how much light hits it and converts that light into an electrical charge. The camera’s processor combines the data, adjusts colour, sharpness, and exposure, and stores the result as a digital image file. Modern cameras often use demosaicing because most sensors detect brightness rather than full colour at each pixel. The first digital camera was built at Kodak in 1975 by engineer Steven Sasson.